Cur Deus Homo
The aim of this short essay is to illustrate Anselm’s doctrine Cur Deus Homo, in reference to his interpretation of the atonement and then relate it to the characteristic claims of the Chalcedonian creed regarding Jesus Christ ‘as one person to be recognized in two nature’s’.
Anselm’s theory on atonement is that of a philosophical one which he believes should be understood as a necessity. Anselm’s doctrine, ‘Cur Deus Homo’ which is translated as ‘why God became a man (human being)’, and the motive behind this work is to prove God’s existence. His main target audience are those among the non-believers of God.
Anselm’s argument and idea on the incarnation was to build upon the Chalcedonian definition of faith. So Jesus is to be recognized in two natures as he is in the Chacledonian creed. So Anselm sets out to prove the philosophical necessity of the incarnation and the truth regarding the Chalcedonian creed and the nature of Jesus Christ. This next passage, which is one of the most famous from the preface of Cur Deus Homo, explains what Anselm believes to be the absolute reason for the Incarnation of Jesus Christ…
…“and, in fine, leaving Christ out of view (as if nothing had ever been know of him), [Cur Deus Homo] proves, by absolute reason, the impossibility that any man should be saved without him.”…
So to be precise about what Anselm is implying is that for reconciliation of God and mankind, the incarnation of Jesus Christ is essential. This has been called the ‘ransom theory’ or the substitutionary atonement. This is Anselm’s objective theory.
Anselm believes that because mankind are the people indebted to the devil but is also indebted by an infinite debt, only God can ‘make satisfaction’. However it should be mankind who pay this debt so Anselm leads us to understand, by reason, that God has to incarnate himself in the form of a man ie Jesus Christ to pay off this infinite debt. So the reconciliation of God and mankind is to be understood as the salvation of mankind. In a mythological sense, Jesus was incarnated by God and handed over to the devil as a ransom, so to speak in financial terms. But because Jesus Christ was eternal and of the same substance as God the devil has no power over him. Therefore Jesus could not be kept as this ‘ransom’ offered by God to the devil for atonement of our sins.
Although Anselm does try to reach the non-believers and convince them, he also aims to show the necessity of the incarnation to others who believe but may reject certain theologies regarding the incarnation of Jesus Christ, the atonement and the salvation which Anselm tries to demonstrate in his work. This is linked with the Christology claims within the Chalcedonian creed, regarding the recognition of Christ, seen as ‘one person to be recognizes in two natures’.