Today, in twenty first century; Health and Safety, diversity and involvement are of outmost importance for the multibillion corporations like Johnson Control Inc. The management of the company makes sure that employees are selected fairly, have safe workplaces and comply with general corporate ethics – “We work to eliminate discrimination and harassment in all of its forms, including that related to color, race, gender, sexual preference, age, pregnancy, caste, disability, union membership, ethnicity or religious beliefs.” 1 – But this was quite different before 1991, when Corporation’s safety and health regulations first came into conflict with equal opportunity laws and regulations. Back at that time, “fetal protection” policy adopted by the country’s biggest automobile battery manufacturer, kept young women capable of bearing children out of unsafe workplaces. The policy (adopted by Johnson Controls Inc. in 1982) applied to all women, except those who could provide medical proof of sterility. However, this ‘ethical behavior’ of the company is deemed discriminatory and unlawful. The problem is that any policy of this sort violates the Federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 2, which prohibits sex discrimination in employment. The reason for this is that policy of the J.C. specifically excluded females with certain biological characteristics. Another issue is that male individuals were also subject to health hazards, but policy failed to exclude them - “There is also a growing body of evidence that lead affects sperm and can harm the offspring of men” 3

In its broadest meaning, constitution refers to any codified document, consisting of rules and principles that govern any kind of organization, starting from small companies up to big players. But on the scale of countries this term refers to a national constitution, which specifically defines powers and duties of the government; relationships between the executive, legislative and judiciary systems. In some cases it may also contain human rights. In a sense, constitution is “Basic Law” from which all the other laws and regulations are derived from (In few countries like Germany and Israel, constitution is in fact called “Basic Law”). Core idea behind every constitution, in every country, is separation of power. Obviously it’s not a good idea to place too much power into the hands of one group or even a person, so this is when system of “checks and balances” comes into play – distributing and balancing power between executive, legislative and judiciary systems. To put it into simpler words, this system makes sure that groups, mentioned above, monitor and check the behavior of each other, so that there are no entities with too much authority.